Diagnosis. Minute to rather large (2.0-15.0 mm) fungus gnats, body varying from pale to dark. Head small; two or three ocelli, lateral ocelli sometimes located next to compound eyes; antennae short to long, segments sometimes close together resembling a single third segment. Thorax hump-backed; wings clear or with more or less extensive markings consisting of smudges, spots or fasciae, cross-vein bm-cu (if present) very close to base of wing, radius with two or three branches, second branch sometimes merging with R1 to form closed cell in anterior half of wing; legs short to long, tarsal segments sometimes slightly swollen in females. Abdomen short to long, sometimes swollen or compressed laterally or dorsoventrally.
Biology. Most reared species were associated with a wide variety of fungi, both Ascomycetina and Basidiomycetina, most others were associated with dead wood. The species associated with dead wood mostly live on the dead wood (or behind bark) rather than in the dead wood. It is suggested that most of the species not directly associated with fungi live on mycelia in the substrates. Adults are most often found in dark humid places, often near fallen trees, dead wood, banks, cliffs, etc.
References to the local fauna. Barendrecht (1938), Bechev (1997), Beuk (1996h, 1997), Beuk et al. (1994, 1995), Burger et al. (1984), Hackman et al. (1988), De Meijere (1935, 1939a, 1939b), Meuffels (1970), Plassmann (1970), Väisänen (1982b, 1984), Van der Wulp (1874, 1877), Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898).
How to quote this page: Beuk, P.L.Th., 2023. Family Mycetophilidae. In: Beuk, P.L.Th. (Ed.): Checklist of the Diptera of the Netherlands, https://diptera-info.nl/news.php?fam=Mycetophilidae (date accessed: 24/11/2024).
NL: 255, 2I, 4?
B: 161 + 1?
D: 251, 1I, 3?
UK: 476
World: 4000
MYCETOPHILIDAE
GNORISTINAE
Apolephthisa Grzegorzek, 1885
subincana (Curtis, 1837)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
Boletina Staeger, 1840
basalis (Meigen, 1818)
dispecta Dziedzicki, 1885
Note 1
dubia (Meigen, 1804)
gripha Dziedzicki, 1885
griphoides Edwards, 1925
nitida Grzegorzek, 1885
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
plana (Walker, 1856)
sciarina Staeger, 1840
silvatica Dziedzicki, 1885
trivittata (Meigen, 1818)
Coelosia Winnertz, 1863
flava (Staeger, 1840)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
fusca Bezzi, 1892
N; occurrence following Fauna Europaea but it was already listed as silvatica by Beuk (2002e)
= silvatica Landrock, 1918
Note 2
tenella (Zetterstedt, 1852)
Synapha Meigen, 1818
= Empalia Winnertz, 1863
fasciata Meigen, 1818
N; added by Beuk (1997: xxii)
vitripennis (Meigen, 1818)
Syntemna Winnertz, 1863
stylata Hutson, 1979
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
LEIINAE
Clastobasis Skuse, 1890
alternans (Winnertz, 1863)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
Docosia Winnertz, 1863
fuscipes (von Roser, 1840)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
gilvipes (Walker, 1856)
pallipes Edwards, 1941
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
sciarina (Meigen, 1830)
= valida Winnertz, 1863
Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, 1911
hirta (Winnertz, 1846)
Leia Meigen, 1818
= Glaphyroptera Winnertz, 1863: preocc.
= Neoglaphyroptera Osten Sacken, 1878
arsona Hutson, 1978
I; added by Burger et al. (1984: 145)
bimaculata (Meigen, 1804)
N
= fasciola Meigen, 1818
= stigmatella Van der Wulp, 1859
T
fascipennis Meigen, 1818
longiseta Barendrecht, 1938
T
picta Meigen, 1830
subfasciata (Meigen, 1818)
winthemi Lehmann, 1822
Megophthalmidia Dziedzicki, 1889
crassicornis (Curtis, 1837)
N
Note 3
= ferruginea (Van der Wulp, 1859)
T
= zugmayeriae Dziedzicki, 1889
Rondaniella Johannsen, 1909
dimidiata (Meigen, 1804)
= variegata (Winnertz, 1863)
Tetragoneura Winnertz, 1846
sylvatica Curtis, 1837
= distincta Winnertz, 1846
MYCETOPHILINAE
Exechiini
Allodia Winnertz, 1863
anglofennica Edwards, 1921
lugens (Wiedemann, 1817)
lundstroemi Edwards, 1921
ornaticollis (Meigen, 1818)
N
= nigricollis (Zetterstedt, 1852)
= longicornis (Van der Wulp, 1859)
T
truncata Edwards, 1921
Allodiopsis Tuomikoski, 1966
domestica (Meigen, 1830)
rustica (Edwards, 1941)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
marginata (Meigen, 1818)
= limbata (Winnertz, 1863)
neohyalinata Väisänen, 1984
= hyalinata (Meigen, 1830): misident. sensu Zetterstedt, 1838
nigricornis (Zetterstedt, 1852)
nitida (Zetterstedt, 1852)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
occultans (Winnertz, 1863)
ornata (Meigen, 1818)
punctata (Meigen, 1804)
tenuis (Walker, 1856)
= apicalis (Winnertz, 1863)
tumida (Winnertz, 1863)
Note 16
wankowiczii (Dziedzicki, 1885)
= notabilis (Staeger, 1840): possible senior synonym
= fissa (Lundström, 1911)
winnertzi (Dziedzicki, 1885)
subg. Mycomyopsis Väisänen, 1984
affinis (Staeger, 1840)
= flava (Winnertz, 1863)
permixta Väisänen, 1984
= trilineata (Zetterstedt, 1838): misident. sensu Dziedzicki, 1885
subg. Neomycomya Väisänen, 1984
fimbriata (Meigen, 1818)
Neoempheria Osten Sacken, 1878
bimaculata (von Roser, 1840)
pictipennis (Haliday, 1833)
N; will be formally added by Beuk & Chandler (in prep.)
striata (Meigen, 1818)
SCIOPHILINAE
Acnemia Winnertz, 1863
longipes Winnertz, 1863
N; added by Beuk (1996h: 91, 202)
nitidicollis (Meigen, 1818)
Allocotocera Mik, 1886
= Eurycera Dziedzicki, 1885
pulchella (Curtis, 1837)
N
= silacea (Van der Wulp, 1887)
T
Note 17
= flava (Dziedzicki, 1889)
Anaclileia Meunier, 1904
= Paraneurotelia Landrock, 1911
dispar (Winnertz, 1863)
Azana Walker, 1856
subg. Azana Walker, 1856
anomala (Staeger, 1840)
Leptomorphus Curtis, 1831
walkeri Curtis, 1831
Megalopelma Enderlein, 1910
nigroclavatus (Strobl, 1909)
N; added by Dek (2018: 85)
Monoclona Mik, 1886
= Staegeria Van der Wulp, 1876
rufilatera (Walker, 1837)
= halterata (Staeger, 1840)
= forcipata Strobl, 1909: misident. sensu De Meijere, 1935
Neuratelia Rondani, 1856
nemoralis (Meigen, 1818)
Phthinia Winnertz, 1863
mira (Ostroverkhova, 1977)
= humilis Winnertz, 1863: misident. sensu Hutson et al. 1980
Polylepta Winnertz, 1863
guttiventris (Zetterstedt, 1852)
Sciophila Meigen, 1818
= Lasiosoma Winnertz, 1863
fenestella (Curtis, 1837)
fractinervis Edwards, 1940
I; added by Chandler & Pijnakker (2009: 91)
hirta Meigen, 1818
lutea Macquart, 1826
nigronitida Landrock, 1925
rufa Meigen, 1830
Speolepta Edwards, 1925
leptogaster (Winnertz, 1863)
Doubtful species
Mycetophila Meigen, 1803
flava Winnertz, 1863
Note 18
Mycomya Rondani, 1856
subg. Mycomya Rondani, 1856
maculata (Meigen, 1804)
Note 19
Phthinia Winnertz, 1863
humilis Winnertz, 1863
Note 20
Sciophila Meigen, 1818
thoracica Staeger, 1840
Note 21
= nigriventris Macquart, : misident.?
Nomina dubia
bicolor Macquart, 1834 (Mycetophila)
Note 22
flaviventris Van der Wulp, 1859 (Mycetophila)
T
Note 22
lineola Meigen, 1818 (Mycetophila)
Note 23
ruficauda Van der Wulp, 1874 (Brachycampta)
T
Note 22
rufithorax Van der Wulp, 1874 (Exechia)
T
Note 24
schummeli Stannius, 1831 (Mycetophila)
Note 25
Deleted species
Mycetophila Meigen, 1803
gratiosa Winnertz, 1863
Note 26
lunata Meigen, 1804
Note 27
xanthopyga Winnertz, 1863
Note 26
Mycomya Rondani, 1856
subg. Mycomya Rondani, 1856
levis (Dziedzicki, 1885)
Note 28
Notes
Note 1
Based on the illustrations in Barendrecht (1938), Zaitzev et al. (2005) suspect that Barendrecht’s record of dispecta actually refers to gusakovae Zaitzev, 1994.
Erroneously listed as new for the Netherlands by W. van Steenis & Jacobusse (2017: 10).
Note 4
Material examined: LIMBURG: Meinweg (3.2 km NE of Herkenbosch: along Bosbeek near post 405, GPS: 51.1706N 6.0969E: 2 [m], 30.ix-10.x.2016, leg. NHM Maastricht MT [NHMM alc]).
Note 5
This is the species in the female sex sensu Plassmann (1970: 397).
Note 6
First recorded by De Meijere (1935: 194) but later deleted (De Meijere 1939a: 123) because the material supposedly belonged to other species (unspecified) or because it could not be identified. At present it is considered to be the probable senior synonym of bergensis (see Fauna Europaea).
Note 7
This possible synonymy needs to be confirmed.
Note 8
Material examined for original record: NOORD-BRABANT: Udenhout (de Brand, 1 [m]: 20-27.x.1990, leg. Ins.W.G. KNNV-Tilburg MT [BEUK]).
Additional material examined: LIMBURG: Meinweg (3.2 km NE of Herkenbosch: along Bosbeek near post 405 [GPS 51.1706N 6.0969E]: 5 [m]: 1-10.xi.2015, leg. P. Thomas, Malaise trap [NHMM ALC]).
Note 9
Material examined: LIMBURG: Meinweg (3.2 km NE of Herkenbosch: along Bosbeek near post 405, GPS: 51.1706N 6.0969E: 1 [m], 20-30.vii.2016, leg. NHM Maastricht MT [NHMM alc]).
Old Dutch material recorded as E. scathophora may in fact belong to this species, e.g., E. scathophora Perris sensu Edwards is E. limnophila Chandler.
Note 12
So far all material recorded under this name that could be checked belonged to P. humeralis. It may wel be that this species does not occur in the Netherlands.
Note 13
Material examined: GELDERLAND: Wageningen (Nassauweg [GPS: 51.966N, 5.673E], under light dome: 1 [m], 15.ii.2022, leg. D. Belgers [NHMM ALC]).
This species had already been transferred from Mycetophila to Zygomyia by Zaitzev (1989a).
Note 16
Some earlier published records of this species (Väisänen, 1982b: 41; 1984: 215; Hackman et al., 1988: 229) were based on an old record by Van der Wulp (1877: 168; material later referred to M. (M.) ornata) and on doubtfully identified females (Väisänen; 1984: 57). However, recently collected material of this species was examined so it is herewith confirmed for the list.
Note 17
This species was synomynised by Edwards (1925: 557) and this synonymy was followed by De Meijere (1939b). However, since Hackman et al. (1988) listed it as valid species it was included in by Beuk (2002e).
Note 18
Doubtfully recorded from the Netherlands by Hackman et al. (1988: 269) and followed by Fauna Europaea. No other published records are known.
Note 19
De Meijere (1939a: 123) deleted the species from the Dutch list but a number of recent publications (Väisänen, 1984: 212; Hackman et al., 1988: 226) still list it as Dutch. No examined material is mentioned in any these publications so the record is considered doubtful.
Note 20
The original record of this species by Schmitz (1929) could not be verified, other material belonged to mira.
Note 21
Listed under the name S. nigriventris with S. thoracica as synonym up to Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898: 11), but not mentioned since.
Note 22
This is an unrecognized species in the Allodia genus group according to Hackman et al. (1988).
Note 23
This is an unrecognized species of the Mycetophila ruficollis group and Van der Wulp (1877: 151) treated it as senior synonym of M. ruficollis. It was still treated as valid species by Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898: 9), Barendrecht (1938b: 52) and De Meijere (1939b: 143) but now it is considered as nomen dubium by Hackman et al. (1988: 279).
Note 24
This is an unrecognized species in the Exechia genus group according to Hackman et al. (1988).
Note 25
This is an unrecognized species provisionally placed in the Exechia genus group but does not seem to belong there according to Hackman et al. (1988).
Note 26
First recorded by Van der Wulp (1874: 120) and records repeated by Van der Wulp (1877) and Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898), but later deleted by De Meijere (1939a: 123) as belonging to unspecified other species.
Note 27
First recorded by Van der Wulp (1877: 155) and records repeated by Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898: 9), but later deleted by De Meijere (1939a: 123) as belonging to unspecified other species.
Note 28
First recorded by De Meijere (1935: 194) but later deleted (De Meijere 1939a: 123) because the material supposedly belonged to unspecified other species or because it could not be identified.
The latest revisions at different levels
Allodia was the last (sub)genus to be edited on 15-11-2023 15:30
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