Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (3.0-9.0 mm) flies; body pale to dark, often with markings or bands on abdomen; surface extensively covered with hairs and scale, also on wings. Head with elongated proboscis that is much longer than head; antennae with small segments but enlarged pedicel, segments with many hairs, especially in male; eyes reniform but not connected dorsally. Thorax large; scutellum short and semicircular to trilobate. Wing with C continuing along posterior margin of wing. Abdomen short and rather narrow. Larvae with three clear body segments; head with one-segmented antennae; thorax and abdomen often with feathered setae; segment 8 with dorsal respiratory organ. Pupae with two clear body segments; cephalothorax with two respiratory structures on the dorsal part; abdomen slender and with a pair of peddles.
Biology. Mosquito adults are well known for their blood feeding habits and as vectors of a great number of human and animal diseases. Females obtain blood as a source of protein required for egg production. Feeding preferences vary from one species to another and hosts include cold-blooded vertebrates. Larvae are aquatic and must come to the surface at frequent intervals to obtain oxygen. They feed with mouth brushes on detritus, algae and small aquatic animals. At higher temperatures they can complete larval development in 7-10 days. Pupae are non-feeding and usually float at the water surface. Emergence occurs after 3-4 days. Adults live 1-2 weeks (males) up to 3-4 months (females).
General references. Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995 [key]), Minár (1990 [catalogue], 2000a [general, key to genera]), Mohrig (1969 [general, key]), Service (1976 [sampling, ecology]), Stone (1981 [general, key to genera]).
References to the local fauna. De Buck (1942), Cock (1954b), Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995), Kraan (1956), Minár (1990), Mol (1984), Scholte et al. (2011), Suijkerbuijk (2005).
Remarks. The qualification follows that given on http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/.
Original data by Verdonschot, corrections and updates (publication years marked in red) by Beuk.
How to quote this page: Verdonschot, P.F.M., & P.L.Th. Beuk, 2023. Family Culicidae. In: Beuk, P.L.Th. (Ed.): Checklist of the Diptera of the Netherlands, https://diptera-info.nl/news.php?fam=Culicidae (date accessed: 23/11/2024).
NL: 36, 5I
B: 24
D: 35, 3I
UK: 34
World: 3209
CULICIDAE
ANOPHELINAE
Anopheles Meigen, 1818
subg. Anopheles Meigen, 1818
algeriensis Theobald, 1903
N; confirmed by Scholte et al. (2011: 39)
Note 1
atroparvus Van Thiel, 1927
T
claviger (Meigen, 1804)
= bifurcatus Meigen, 1818
daciae Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach, 2004
N; added by Ibáñez-Justicia et al. (2022: 3)
maculipennis Meigen, 1818
melanoon Hackett, 1934
added by Mol (1984: 83)
messeae Falleroni, 1926
plumbeus Stephens, 1828
= nigripes Staeger, 1839
CULICINAE
Aedini
Aedes Meigen, 1818
subg. Aedes Meigen, 1818
aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)
aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)
I; added by Scholte et al. (2010: 2[refs]00367/refs])
added by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 41, 49, 54, 63)
dorsalis (Meigen, 1830)
excrucians (Walker, 1856)
added by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 40, 53, 62)
flavescens (Müller, 1764)
added by Cock (1954b: 143)
leucomelas (Meigen, 1804)
nigrinus (Eckstein, 1918)
punctor (Kirby in Richardson, 1837)
riparius Dyar & Knab, 1907
added by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 40, 53, 62)
sticticus (Meigen, 1838)
subg. Rusticoidus Shevchenko & Prudkina, 1973
rusticus (Rossi, 1790)
= diversus (Theobald, 1901)
subg. Stegomyia Theobald, 1901
albopictus (Skuse, 1895)
I; added by Suijkerbuijk (2005: 276)
flavopictus (Yamada, 1921)
I; added by Ibáñez-Justicia et al. (2019: 1)
Culicini
Culex Linnaeus, 1758
subg. Barraudius Edwards, 1921
modestus Ficalbi, 1890
added by De Buck (1942: 14)
subg. Culex Linnaeus, 1758
pipiens Linnaeus, 1758
= molestus Forskal, 1775
added as valid species by Kraan (1956: 237)
torrentium Martini, 1925
added by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 87, 90, 93, 95)
subg. Neoculex Dyar, 1905
territans Walker, 1856
added by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 87, 90, 93, 95)
Culisetini
Culiseta Felt, 1904
= Theobaldia Neuve-Lemaire, 1902: preocc.
subg. Culicella Felt, 1904
fumipennis (Stephens, 1825)
= theobaldi (De Meijere, 1911)
T
morsitans (Theobald, 1901)
ochroptera Peus, 1935
added as subspecies of silvestris by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 73, 80, 83)
subg. Culiseta Felt, 1904
alaskaensis (Ludlow, 1906)
added as alascaensis by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 73, 78, 80, 83)
annulata (Schrank, 1776)
subochrea (Edwards in Wesenberg, 1921)
added by Kraan (1956: 237)
Mansoniini
Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905
= Mansonia Blanchard, 1901: misident. sensu auct.
subg. Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905
richiardii (Ficalbi, 1889)
Notes
Note 1
This species was assumed to occur in the Netherlands by Van Haren & Verdonschot (1995: 100, 103, 105) based on the occurrence in Germany and the United Kingdom. The first material to confirm the occurrence was only collected in 2009 (Scholte et al., 2011).
Note 2
Introduced from North America in used car tires (Scholte et al., 2009). Transferred from Ochlerotatus by Reinert et al. (2006).
The latest revisions at different levels
The family introduction was last edited on 21-12-2016 11:45
Mansoniini was the last tribe to be edited on 21-12-2016 11:14
Rusticoidus was the last (sub)genus to be edited on 21-12-2016 10:27
Anopheles daciae was the last (sub)species to be edited on 30-06-2023 22:09
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