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FAMILY CERATOPOGONIDAE

Paul L.Th. Beuk

Version date: 19-01-2022 13:43

Sphaeromias fasciatus (Meigen, 1804)

Diagnosis. Small but stout (1.0-4.0 mm) long nematocerous flies. Head usually with 15-segmented antennae, male antennae plumose. Wing with anterior veins more strongly developed than posterior ones; radial sector usually not extending to wingtip; M with two branches. Legs simple, sometimes with ventral spines on one or more femora in females. Closely related to the Chironomidae and can be distinguished from these by much shorter fore legs and by wing venation. Pupae with a pair of prothoracic respiratory horns and without cocoon; last segment with a pair of laterodistal processes. Larvae with hypognathous (Forcipomyinae and some Dasyheleinae) or prognathous head (Ceratopogoninae and some Dasyheleinae); prothorax in Forcipomyinae with bilobous anterior proleg, no prolegs in others; last abdominal segment setose, in Forcipomyinae and Dasyheleinae also with hooks.

Biology. Larvae and pupae are aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestrial. Larvae feed on plant material such as algae, fungi and other micro-organisms or are carnivorous. They can live in stem hollows of certain plants, under bark, in excrements, tree sap, ants' nests and other organic materials too. Males feed on nectar or other sweet plant saps. The females are predaceous (Ceratopogoninae excluding Culicoides), hematophagous (Culicoides and some Forcipomyia), phytophagous (Dasyheleinae and many Forcipomyinae), and entomophagous, feeding on hemolymph of insects (some Forcipomyinae, especially Atrichopogon). A few Atrichopogon suck contents from pollen grains. Hematophagous females may cause infection by their saliva and can transport diverse pathogens (viruses, protozoa, filaria).

General references. Alwin & Szadziewski (2012

[Stillobezzia]), Boorman (1997

[general, key to genera]), Borkent & Bissett (1990

[Serromyia]), Borkent & Grogan Jr (1995

[Ceratopogon]), Borkent & Wirth (1997

[world catalogue]), Dominiak (2012

[Dasyhelea]), Dominiak & Szadziewski (2010

[taxonomy and distribution Dasyhelea]), Downes & Wirth (1981

[general, key to genera]), Remm (1988

[catalogue]), Szadziewski & Dominiak (2006

[taxonomy]), Szadziewski et al. (1995

[Atrichopogon larvae], 2007

[Atrichopogon (Meloehelea)), Werner & Kampen (2011

[Allohelea]).

References to the local fauna. Alwin & Szadziewski (2012

), Borkent & Bissett (1990

), Borkent & Grogan Jr (1995

), Ciliberti et al. (2020

), Dominiak (2012

), Dominiak & Szadziewski (2010

), Knoz (1996

), De Meijere (1928a

, 1946a

, 1950a

), Meiswinkel et al. (2008

), Mol (1984

), Remm (1988

), Szadziewski (1986

), Werner & Kampen (2011

), Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898

How to quote this page: Beuk, P.L.Th., 2022. Family Ceratopogonidae. In: Beuk, P.L.Th. (Ed.): Checklist of the Diptera of the Netherlands, https://diptera-info.nl/news.php?fam=Ceratopogonidae (date accessed: 05/06/2026).

NL: 121

B: 167

D: 110

UK: 170

World: 5155

CERATOPOGONIDAE

CERATOPOGONINAE

	*Allohelea* Kieffer, 1917
			*tessellata* (Zetterstedt, 1850)		N; added by Werner & Kampen (2011: 104)

	*Ceratopogon* Meigen, 1803
	= Helea Meigen, 1800:
		subg. *Ceratopogon* Meigen, 1803
			*communis* Meigen, 1804		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*naccinervis* Borkent in Borkent & Wirth, 1997
			= crassinervis Goetghebuer, 1920: preocc.
			*niveipennis* Meigen, 1818		added by Borkent & Grogan Jr (1995: 61)	Note 1
			= candidatus Winnertz, 1852		T (neotype)

	*Culicoides* Latreille, 1809
		subg. *Avaritia* Fox, 1955
			*chiopterus* (Meigen, 1830)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*dewulfi* Goetghebuer, 1936		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2008: 103)
			*obsoletus* (Meigen, 1818)
			= varius (Winnertz, 1852)
			*scoticus* Downes & Kettle, 1952		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 104)
		subg. *Beltranmyia* Vargas, 1953
			*circumscriptus* Kieffer, 1918		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2008: 103)
			*salinarius* Kieffer, 1914
			= punctatidorsum (Kieffer, 1924)
		subg. *Culicoides* Latreille, 1809
			*delta* Edwards, 1939		N; added as lupicaris by Meiswinkel et al. (2008: 103)
			= lupicaris Downes & Kettle, 1952
			*grisescens* Edwards, 1939, 1939		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2014: 14)
			*impunctatus* Goetghebuer, 1920
			*newsteadi* Austin, 1921		N; added as halophilus by Meiswinkel et al. (2008: 103)
			= halophilus Kieffer, 1924
			*pulicaris* (Linnaeus, 1758)
			*punctatus* (Meigen, 1804)		N; added by Knoz (1996: 87)
		subg. *Monoculicoides* Khalaf, 1954
			*nubeculosus* (Meigen, 1830)
			*riethi* Kieffer, 1914		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2014: 14)
			*stigma* (Meigen, 1818)		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2008: 103)
		subg. *Oecacta* Poey, 1851				Note 2
			*albicans* (Winnertz, 1852)		N; added by Knoz (1996: 87)
			*minutissimus* (Zetterstedt, 1855)
			= pumilus (Winnertz, 1852): doubtful species
			*vexans* (Staeger, 1839)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
		subg. *Sensiculicoides* Shevchenko, 1977
			*duddingstoni* Kettle and Lawson, 1955		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2014: 14)
			*festivipennis* Kieffer, 1914		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)	Note 3
			= odibilis Austen, 1921
			= odilis Austen, 1921: error
			*kibunensis* Tokunaga, 1937		N; added by Knoz (1996: 87)	Note 3
			= cubitalis Edwards, 1939
			*maritimus* Kieffer, 1924		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2014: 14)
			*pictipennis* (Staeger, 1839)			Note 3
			= arcuatus (Winnertz, 1852)
			*poperinghensis* Goetghebuer, 1953		N; added by Ciliberti & Meiswinkel (2016: 11)	Note 3
		subg. *Silvaticulicoides* Glukhova, 1977
			*achrayi* Kettle & Lawson, 1955		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2008: 103)
			*fascipennis* (Staeger, 1839)
			*pallidicornis* Kieffer, 1919		N; added by Meiswinkel et al. (2014: 14)

	*Kolenohelea* de Meillon & Wirth, 1981
			*calcarata* (Goetghebuer, 1920)		added as fusca by De Meijere (1946a: 8)	Note 4
			= sharpi (Edwards, 1929)
			= fusca (Goetghebuer, 1932)

	*Schizohelea* Kieffer, 1917
	= Monohelea Kieffer, 1917
			*leucopeza* (Meigen, 1804)
			= copiosus (Winnertz, 1852)

	*Serromyia* Meigen, 1818
			*atra* (Meigen, 1818)			Note 5
			= spinosipes Kieffer, 1919
			= nitens Goetghebuer, 1920
			*femorata* (Meigen, 1804)			Note 6
			*morio* (Fabricius, 1775)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*rufitarsis* (Meigen, 1818)		added by Borkent & Bissett (1990: 202)

	*Stilobezzia* Kieffer, 1911
		subg. *Acanthohelea* Kieffer, 1917
		= Neostilobezzia Goetghebuer, 1934: unavailable
		= Neostilobezzia Wirth, 1953
			*gracilis* (Haliday, 1833)
			= pseudochracea (De Meijere, 1928): nomen nudum			Note 7
			*lutacea* Edwards, 1926		N; added by Ciliberti (2019: 143)
			*ochracea* (Winnertz, 1852)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
		subg. *Stilobezzia* Kieffer, 1911
			*flavirostris* (Winnertz, 1852)

DASYHELEINAE

	*Dasyhelea* Kieffer, 1911
		subg. *Dasyhelea* Kieffer, 1911
			*bilineata* Goetghebuer, 1920		N; first listed as saxicola by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 105)
			= saxicola (Edwards, 1929)			Note 8
			*coarctata* Kieffer, 1914		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*flavifrons* (Guérin, 1833)
			= obscura (Winnertz, 1852): preocc.
			= versicolor (Winnertz, 1852)			Note 9
			= dufouri (Laboulbène, 1869)			Note 9
			= brevitibialis (Goetghebuer, 1919)
			= septuosa Borkent, 1997			Note 9
		subg. *Dicryptoscena* Enderlein, 1936
			*modesta* (Winnertz, 1852)		added as both modesta and aestiva by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			= aestiva (Winnertz, 1852)
		subg. *Prokempia* Kieffer, 1913
			*flaviventris* (Goetghebuer, 1910)
			= scutellatus (Meigen, 1830): misident. sensu Van der Wulp & De Meijere, 1898
		subg. *Pseudoculicoides* Malloch, 1915
			*communis* Kieffer, 1919		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*flavoscutellata* (Zetterstedt, 1850)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*kyrenica* Remm, 1972		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 105)	Note 10
			*sericata* (Winnertz, 1852)
			*turficola* Kieffer, 1925		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 105)

FORCIPOMYIINAE

	*Atrichopogon* Kieffer, 1906					Note 11
	= Kempia Kieffer, 1913
	= Gymnohelea Kieffer, 1921
		subg. *Atrichopogon* Kieffer, 1906
			*brunnipes* (Meigen, 1804)
			*fuscus* (Meigen, 1804)
			*haesitans* (Kieffer, 1922)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*infuscus* Goetghebuer, 1928		N; added by Ciliberti et al. (2020: 109)
			*minutus* (Meigen, 1830)
			*pavidus* (Winnertz, 1852)			Note 11
			*psilopterus* Kieffer, 1919		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
		subg. *Lophomyidium* Cordero, 1929
		= Rostropogon Remm, 1979
			*rostratus* (Winnertz, 1852)			Note 12
		subg. *Meloehelea* Wirth, 1956
			*lucorum* (Meigen, 1818)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*meloesugans* Kieffer, 1922		N; added by Ciliberti et al. (2020: 110)
			*oedemerarum* Stora, 1939		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 106)
			*orbicularis* Kieffer, 1919		N; added by Beuk (2021b: 19)
		subg. *Psammopogon* Remm, 1979
			*flavolineatus* Strobl, 1880		N; added by Belgers & Beuk (2020: 105)
		subg. *Psilokempia* Enderlein, 1936
			*forcipatus* (Winnertz, 1852)		added as hamifer by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			= hamifer (Goetghebuer, 1920)

	*Forcipomyia* Meigen, 1818
		subg. *Euprojoannisia* Brèthes, 1914
			*alacris* (Winnertz, 1852)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 7)
			*palustris* (Meigen, 1804)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)	Note 13
			*titillans* (Winnertz, 1852)		added as divaricata by De Meijere (1950a: 5)
			= divaricata (Winnertz, 1852)
		subg. *Forcipomyia* Meigen, 1818
			*bipunctata* (Linnaeus, 1761)
			= trichoptera (Meigen, 1804)
			= geniculata (Guérin-Méneville, 1833)
			*brevipennis* (Macquart, 1826)
			*ciliata* (Winnertz, 1852)
			= boleti (Kieffer, 1901)
			*crassipes* (Winnertz, 1852)		N; added by Ciliberti et al. (2020: 111)
			*nigra* (Winnertz, 1852)
			*pallida* (Winnertz, 1852)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 7)
			*pulchrithorax* Edwards, 1924		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*sphagnophila* Kieffer, 1925		N; added by Knoz (1996: 87)
			*squamipes* Coquillett, 1902		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 106)
			*tenuis* (Winnertz, 1852)		N; added by Knoz (1996: 87)
		subg. *Lasiohelea* Kieffer, 1921
			*velox* (Winnertz, 1852)		N; added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
		subg. *Microhelea* Kieffer, 1917
			*costata* (Zetterstedt, 1838)			Note 14
			= picea (Winnertz, 1852)
			= latipalpis (Kieffer, 1901)
			*fuliginosa* (Meigen, 1818)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 7)
			*kaltenbachii* (Winnertz, 1852)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 7)
		subg. *Panhelea* Remm, 1980
			*aristolochiae* (Rondani, 1860)		N; formally recorded by Ciliberti et al. (2020: 111)	Note 15
			= brevicubita (Goetghebuer, 1920)
		subg. *Pterobosca* Macfie, 1940
			*paludis* (Macfie, 1936)		N; added by Manger & Martens (2013: 182)
		subg. *Synthyridomyia* Saunders, 1925
			*murina* (Winnertz, 1852)
		subg. *Thyridomyia* Saunders, 1925
			*frutetorum* (Winnertz, 1852)
			*monilicornis* (Coquillett, 1905)		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 106)
		subg. *Trichohelea* Goetghebuer, 1920
			*tonnoiri* (Goetghebuer, 1920)		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 106)

PALPOMYIINAE

	*Bezzia* Kieffer, 1899
		subg. *Bezzia* Kieffer, 1899
			*coracina* (Zetterstedt, 1850)		added as albipes by De Meijere (1946a: 9)	Note 16
			= albipes (Winnertz, 1852)
			*curtiforceps* Goetghebuer, 1929		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)	Note 17
			*flavicornis* (Staeger, 1839)
			= spinifera Goetghebuer, 1920
			*nobilis* (Winnertz, 1852)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*ornata* (Meigen, 1830)
			*signata* (Meigen, 1804)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*winnertziana* (Kieffer, 1919)
			= gracilis (Winnertz, 1852): preocc.
		subg. *Homobezzia* Macfie, 1932
			*annulipes* (Meigen, 1830)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*bicolor* (Meigen, 1804)			Note 18
			= brehmiana (Kieffer, 1924)
			*circumdata* (Staeger, 1839)
			= solstitialis (Winnertz, 1852)
			*leucogaster* (Zetterstedt, 1850)		added as danica by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			= xanthocephala Goetghebuer, 1911
			= danica Kieffer, 1915
		subg. *Phaenobezzia* Haeselbarth, 1965
			*rubiginosa* (Winnertz, 1852)

	*Clinohelea* Kieffer, 1917
			*unimaculata* (Macquart, 1826)

	*Macropeza* Meigen, 1818
			*albitarsis* Meigen, 1818

	*Mallochohelea* Wirth, 1962
			*inermis* (Kieffer, 1909)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			*nitida* (Macquart, 1826)		N	Note 19

	*Nilobezzia* Kieffer, 1921
			*posticata* (Zetterstedt, 1850)		N; first listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 107)

	*Palpomyia* Meigen, 1818
			*aterrima* Goetghebuer, 1921
			*csiskii* Remm, 1981		added as longicornis by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			= longicornis Kieffer, 1919: preocc.
			*distincta* (Haliday, 1833)
			= ephippium (Zetterstedt, 1855)		added as ephippium by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*flavipes* (Meigen, 1804)
			= semifumosa Goetghebuer, 1922
			*fulva* (Macquart, 1826)
			= ferruginea (Meigen, 1830)
			*lineata* (Meigen, 1804)		N	Note 20
			= cinerea (Macquart, 1826)
			= edwardsi De Meijere, 1946: preocc.		T
			*nigripes* (Meigen, 1830)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*quadrispinosa* Goetghebuer, 1920		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*rufipes* (Meigen, 1818)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*serripes* (Meigen, 1818)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			*spinipes* (Panzer, 1806)
			*tibialis* (Meigen, 1818)		added both as tibialis and laticollis by De Meijere (1946a: 9)
			= laticollis Goetghebuer, 1922

	*Probezzia* Kieffer, 1906
			*seminigra* (Panzer, 1798)
			= venusta (Meigen, 1818)

	*Sphaeromias* Curtis, 1829
			*fasciatus* (Meigen, 1804)		N; added as goetghebueri by De Meijere (1946a: 8)
			= goetghebueri De Meijere, 1946		T
			*miricornis* (Kieffer, 1919)			Note 21
			= candidatus (Loew, 1856): preocc.
			*pictus* (Meigen, 1818)		added by De Meijere (1946a: 8)

Notes
Note 1				Borkent & Grogan Jr (1995: 59) designated a neotype for C. candidatus while neither C. niveipennis nor C. candidatus were previously recorded from the Netherlands.
Note 2				According to the German checklist (Havelka & Aguilar, 1999: 34) these species are placed in Culicoides (Wirthomyia) Vargas, 1973. Chandler (1998a: 54) treats this subgenus as synonym of Culicoides (Oecacta).
Note 3				Subgeneric placement following Szadziewski et al. (2016).
Note 4				Placement following Chandler (1998a: 53). Havelka & Aguilar (1999: 36) place this species in Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea).
Note 5				Again added as nitens and spinosipes by De Meijere (1946a: 9). The material recorded as S. atra by De Meijere (1946a: 8) may well belong to morio since De Meijere used Goetghebuer’s key in Lindner. Borkent & Bissett (1990: 200) refer this to S. morio.
Note 6				Part of the material recorded as S. femorata recorded by De Meijere (1946a: 9) and earlier authors may well belong to morio since several earlier reference works (Goetghebuer, 1934; Schiner, 1860-1864) included part of the S. morio material under S. femorata (see Borkent & Bissett, 1990: 199, 200).
Note 7				Listed under the name Goetghebuer in litt. by De Meijere (1928a: 16).
Note 8				Synonymy following Dominiak & Szadziewski (2010: 8). Brackets were erroneously omitted in original checklist (Knoz & Beuk, 2002a).
Note 9				Synonymy following Szadziewski & Dominiak (2006).
Note 10				The material recorded from the Netherlands belongs to the rare variety auronitens (Kieffer, 1919). This variety has three dark stripes on a yellowish mesonotum and was described in detail as Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) auronitens (Kieffer) by Remm (1966).
Note 11				The synonymy of Kempia with Atrichopogon follows Chandler (1998a: 55). Havelka & Aguilar (1999: 37) place A. pavidus in Atrichopogon (Kempia). The interpretation of the species is there attributed to Szadziewski (1991 [reference could not be checked]).
Note 12				This species was erroneously place in the subgenus Meloehelea by Knoz and Beuk (2002a).
Note 13				Generic placement following Szadziewski (1986: 18).
Note 14				Synonymy of picea with costata established by Szadziewski (1986: 16).
Note 15				First listed as brevicubita by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 106). Synonymy established by Dominiak & Szwadziewski (2010: 29).
Note 16				Synonymy established by Szadziewski (1986: 94).
Note 17				Havelka & Aguilar (1999: 33) list this species as synonymized of B. flavicornis, but this synonymy was not yet given by Borkent & Wirth (1997: 125).
Note 18				Again added as brehmiana by De Meijere (1946a: 9). Placement following Chandler (1998a: 54). Havelka & Aguilar (1999: 33) place this species in Bezzia (Bezzia).
Note 19				According to Mol (1984: 84) M. nitida should have been deleted as misidentification, but no reference clarifing the misidentification is given. Later studies confirmed it as a Dutch species after all and it was again listed by Knoz & Beuk (2002a: 107).
Note 20				Again added as edwardsi by De Meijere (1946a: 9).
Note 21				Again added by De Meijere (1946a: 8).

The latest revisions at different levels
The family introduction was last edited on 01-03-2021 16:01
Psammopogon was the last (sub)genus to be edited on 29-03-2019 14:24
Meloehelea orbicularis was the last (sub)species to be edited on 19-01-2022 13:43

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