Diagnosis. Chloropidae are small flies, usually 1-5 mm length, rarely till 8 mm. Body stout or elongated, shining black or gray dusted, yellowish red or green with black or red longitudinal stripes. Chaetotaxy of body weakly developed. Head usually with large ocellar triangle; arista sometimes enlarged or thick pubescent. Thorax with vertical ridge on propleuron. Wing with one costal break and a distinct flexure in the long penultimate section of M3+4, opposite or before the middle of cell bm+dm. A few species are wingless or brachypterous.
Biology. Chloropidae occur on meadows, marshes, other low vegetation, sometimes flowers, rarely in forests. They are commonly called grass flies, but only some species have phytophagous larvae, which live in shoots or inflorescences of grasses and sedges, a few are gall formers. Several phytophagous species are known as pests of cereals. Many species are saprophages developing in decaying plants or woods and cones following damage by other insects, or in bird's nest, in fungi, etc. Some species are predators and feed on egg masses of spiders, mantids, and grasshoppers, or on root aphids.
General references. Andersson (1977 [morphology, taxonomy, key to genera]), Chvála et al. (1974 [Lipara]), Duda (1932-1933 [morphology, keys, descriptions]), Ismay (1994 [Neohaplegis, Cryptonevra]), Ismay & Nartshuk (2000 [general, key to genera]), Nartshuk (1966 [morphology], 1972 [biology], 1977 [morphology], 1983 [classification], 1984 [catalogue], 1987 [morphology, classification, evolution, host plants, key to genera for larvae], 1992 [Meromyza], 1994 [zoogeography], 1995 [zoogeography]), Sabrosky (1941 [catalogue of world genera], 1987d [general, key to genera]).
References to the local fauna. Chvála et al. (1974), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1996), Grijpma & Van der Weerd (1991), De Meijere (1916, 1935, 1939b, 1950a), A.C. Oudemans (1909).
How to quote this page: Beuk, P.L.Th., & E.P. Nartshuk, 2024. Family Chloropidae. In: Beuk, P.L.Th. (Ed.): Checklist of the Diptera of the Netherlands, https://diptera-info.nl/news.php?fam=Chloropidae (date accessed: 26/12/2024).
NL: 147, 1?
B: 111
D: 141, 2?
UK: 175
World: 2000
CHLOROPIDAE
CHLOROPINAE
Camarota Meigen, 1830
curvipennis (Latreille, 1805)
N
= flavitarsis Meigen, 1830
Cetema Hendel, 1907
cereris (Fallén, 1820)
N
elongatum (Meigen, 1830)
N
= nudipes Loew, 1866
myopinum (Loew, 1866)
N
neglectum Tonnoir, 1921
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
simile Ismay, 1985
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
Chlorops Meigen, 1830
= Oscinis Latreille, 1804
subg. Chlorops Meigen, 1830
adjunctus Becker, 1910
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
calceatus Meigen, 1830
N
fasciatus Meigen, 1830
N
Note 1
frontosus Meigen, 1830
N
= scholtzii Egger, 1862
geminatus Meigen, 1830
N
gracilis Meigen, 1830
N
hypostigma Meigen, 1830
N
laetus Meigen, 1830
N
meigenii Loew, 1866
N
Note 2
= nasuta (Schrank, 1781): misident.
= rufescens Oldenberg, 1923
novakii Strobl, 1902
N
obscurellus (Zetterstedt, 1838)
N
= brunnipes (Zetterstedt, 1848): misident. sensu auct.
planifrons (Loew, 1866)
N
pumilionis (Bjerkander, 1778)
N
= lineatus (Fabricius, 1781): preocc.
= taeniopus Meigen, 1830
ringens Loew, 1866
N
rossicus Smirnov, 1955
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
rufinus (Zetterstedt, 1848)
N
scalaris Meigen, 1830
N
= didymus (Zetterstedt, 1848)
serenus Loew, 1866
N
speciosus Meigen, 1830
N
strigulus (Fabricius, 1794)
N
= cingulatus Meigen, 1830
triangularis Becker, 1910
N
troglodytes (Zetterstedt, 1848)
N
subg. Sclerophallus Beschovski, 1978
limbatus Meigen, 1830
N
= fulviceps von Roser, 1840
= brevimanus Loew, 1866
Cryptonevra Lioy, 1864
= Haplegis Loew, 1866
consimilis (Collin, 1932)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
diadema (Meigen, 1830)
N
flavitarsis (Meigen, 1830)
N
= divergens (Loew, 1866)
nigritarsis (Duda, 1933)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
Diplotoxa Loew, 1863
messoria (Fallén, 1820)
N
Epichlorops Becker, 1910
puncticollis (Zetterstedt, 1848)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
Eurina Meigen, 1830
calva Egger, 1862
N
lurida Meigen, 1830
N
Eutropha Loew, 1866
fulvifrons (Haliday, 1833)
N
= sulcata (Van der Wulp, 1871)
T
Lasiosina Becker, 1910
albipila (Loew, 1866)
N
herpini (Guérin-Méneville, 1843)
N
= cinctipes (Meigen, 1830): misident. sensu auct.
Melanum Becker, 1910
laterale (Haliday, 1833)
N
Meromyza Meigen, 1830
femorata Macquart, 1835
N
mosquensis Fedoseeva, 1960
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 281)
nigriseta Fedoseeva, 1960
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 281)
nigriventris Macquart, 1835
N
ornata (Wiedemann, 1817)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 281)
palposa Fedoseeva, 1960
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 281)
pratorum Meigen, 1830
N
rohdendorfi Fedoseeva, 1974
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 281)
saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
N
triangulina Fedoseeva, 1960
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 281)
variegata Meigen, 1830
N
= laeta Meigen, 1838: misident.
Neohaplegis Beschovski, 1981
tarsata (Fallén, 1820)
N
= laevigata (Fallén, 1820)
Parectecephala Becker, 1910
longicornis (Fallén, 1820)
N
Platycephala Fallén, 1820
planifrons (Fabricius, 1798)
N
umbraculata (Fabricius, 1794)
N
Pseudopachychaeta Strobl, 1902
approximatonervis (Zetterstedt, 1848)
N
oscinina (Fallén, 1823)
N; added by Beuk & Lamberts (2023a: 14)
Note 3
Thaumatomyia Zenker, 1833
= Chloropisca Loew, 1866
elongatula (Becker, 1910)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 280)
glabra (Meigen, 1830)
N
hallandica Andersson, 1966
N
= obscurella (Zetterstedt, 1838): misident. sensu auct.
notata (Meigen, 1830)
N
= circumdata (Meigen, 1830)
rufa (Macquart, 1835)
N
OSCINELLINAE
Aphanotrigonum Duda, 1932
fasciella (Zetterstedt, 1855)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
femorellum Collin, 1946
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
inerme Collin, 1946
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
meijerei (Duda, 1933)
T
nigripes (Zetterstedt, 1848)
N
= brachypterum (Zetterstedt, 1848)
trilineatum (Meigen, 1830)
N
Note 4
= annuliferum (Zetterstedt, 1848)
= beschovskii Dely-Draskovits, 1981
Calamoncosis Enderlein, 1911
subg. Calamoncosis Enderlein, 1911
aprica (Meigen, 1830)
N
aspystylina Duda, 1935
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
duinensis (Strobl, 1909)
N
minima (Strobl, 1893)
N
= nigricornis (von Roser, ): nomen dubium
subg. Rhaphiopyga Nartshuk, 1971
glyceriae Nartshuk, 1958
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
Conioscinella Duda, 1929
frontella (Fallén, 1820)
N
gallarum (Duda, 1933)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
mimula Collin, 1946
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
sordidella (Zetterstedt, 1848)
N
= flavifrons Duda, 1933: sensu De Meijere, 1935
zetterstedti Andersson, 1966
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
Dicraeus Loew, 1873
subg. Dicraeus Loew, 1873
ingratus (Loew, 1866)
N
raptus (Haliday, 1838)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
tibialis (Macquart, 1835)
N
= pallidiventris (Macquart, 1835)
= bipunctata (Macquart, 1835)
subg. Oedesiella Becker, 1910
fennicus Duda, 1933
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
subg. Paroedesiella Anonymous, 1937
styriacus (Strobl, 1898)
N
vagans (Meigen, 1838)
N
= xanthopygus (Strobl, 1909)
Elachiptera Macquart, 1835
bimaculata (Loew, 1845)
N
brevipennis (Meigen, 1830)
N
cornuta (Fallén, 1820)
N
diastema Collin, 1946
N; added by De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1996: 43, 195)
megaspis (Loew, 1858)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
rufifrons Duda, 1932
T
scrobiculata (Strobl, 1901)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
tuberculifera (Corti, 1909)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 282)
Eribolus Becker, 1910
gracilior (De Meijere, 1918)
T
hungaricus Becker, 1910
N
= plana (De Meijere, 1918)
T
nana (Zetterstedt, 1838)
N
= sudeticus Becker, 1910
= leptomyzoides (De Meijere, 1918)
T
slesvicensis Becker, 1910
N
Gampsocera Schiner, 1862
numerata (Heeger, 1858)
N; added by Dek et al. (2016: 11)
Note 5
Gaurax Loew, 1863
dubius (Macquart, 1835)
N
fascipes Becker, 1910
listed by Nartshuk (2020: 362)
flavomaculatus (Duda, 1933)
listed by Nartshuk (2020: 362)
maculipennis (Zetterstedt, 1848)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 283)
niger Czerny, 1906
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 283)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 284)
brunneipenne Beschovski & Lansbury, 1987
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 284)
fasciola (Meigen, 1830)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 284)
femorale (Collin, 1946)
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 284)
Siphonella Macquart, 1835
oscinina (Fallén, 1820)
N
Siphunculina Rondani, 1856
aenea (Macquart, 1835)
N
Speccafrons Sabrosky, 1980
halophila (Duda, 1933)
N
Trachysiphonella Enderlein, 1936
ruficeps (Macquart, 1835)
N
= pygmaea (Meigen, 1838)
Note 10
= flavella (Zetterstedt, 1848)
scutellata (von Roser, 1840)
N
= pumilionis (Bjerkander, 1778): misident.
= pumilio (Zetterstedt, 1838): misident. sensu auct.
Tricimba Lioy, 1864
subg. Nartshukiella Beschovski, 1981
albiseta Dely-Draskovits, 1983
N; informally added by Beuk & Nartshuk (2002: 284)
cincta (Meigen, 1830)
N
Note 11
= sulcella (Zetterstedt, 1848): misident.?
subg. Tricimba Lioy, 1864
lineella (Fallén, 1820)
N
Doubtful species
Thaumatomyia Zenker, 1833
trifasciata (Zetterstedt, 1848)
added by De Meijere (1950a: 12)
Note 12
Deleted species
Lipara Meigen, 1830
similis Schiner, 1854
Notes
Note 1
De Meijere (1939b: 167) listed C. dasycerus Loew, 1866, and C. horridus Becker, 1910, as synonyms of C. fasciatus but these are considered as valid species by Dely-Draskovits (1978). However, these species have not yet been found in the Netherlands.
Note 2
The name Chlorops meigenii is preoccupied by Chlorops meigenii Fallén, 1823 (now in Agromyzidae) but the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled that the current usage of this name in the Chloropidae was to be conserved (ICZN, 2003: 166).
Note 3
Material examined: NOORD-HOLLAND: Castricum (Noordhollands Duinreservaat, Zanderij [GPS: 52.548N, 4.651E], 2 [f]: 11.viii.2022, leg. S. Lamberts [NHMM ALC]).
Note 4
Again added as beschovskii by De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1996: 43, 195).
Note 5
Material examined: LIMBURG: Cadier en Keer (oostzijde Riesenberg, 1 [m]: 25.iii.2013, leg. P.L.Th. Beuk [NHMM ALC]), Maastricht (Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, indoors, 1 [f]: 11.vi.2013, leg. P.L.Th. Beuk [NHMM ALC]).
Note 6
Synonymy pointed out by Foster (2024: 405).
Note 7
Transferred from Melanochaeta by Nartshuk & Andersson (2013: 126).
Note 8
This species was last recorded by A.C. Oudemans (1909: 22) but it was not listed by De Meijere (1939b), possibly because for some time it was considered to be as synonym of O. frit. Recent material was examined by Nartshuk so this species is maintained on the Dutch list.
Note 9
The material recorded as O. longirostris by De Meijere (1916: 310) belongs to O. minutissima but additional material belonging to O. longirostris is present in ZMAN.
Note 10
Synonymy with ruficeps established by Nartshuk & Andersson (2013: 149).
Note 11
T. sulcella was traditionally placed as synonym of T. cincta but re-instated as valid species by Dely-Draskovits (1983: 346). De Meijere (1939b: 167) lists T. cincta but does not give T. sulcella as synonym, although that species was recorded earlier, e.g., in De Meijere (1916: 311). Until material has been checked T. sulcella will be listed as misidentification of T. cincta.
Note 12
De Meijere (1950a: 12) recorded reared material from Cichorium. However, this is a species of very humid places, so the record is considered doubtful. Possibly the material belongs to T. hallandica.
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